Evidence, trainers and tools for doctors and medical students
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Book 3 · Qualitative and mixed methods · Rung 1Book 3
For Doctors

Obesity Expertise · Book 3

Qualitative and mixed methodsRung 1 · Introductory

Asking people, listening, and treating what they say as data

Dr. Harsh Maheshwari · Version 1.1 · updated 25 September 2026 · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

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Why this book

Numbers tell you how many people eat after dark, and how much weight a programme took off. They do not tell you why a family keeps the late dinner, or why a clinic’s patients stop coming. Those are questions about meaning and reasons, and they are answered by asking people and listening well. This book teaches the first half of that craft: what questions it answers, the interview and the focus group as instruments, the topic guide, and how to run an interview without steering it. It ends with five pilot interviews you conduct, transcribe and read yourself.

How to read it

Read Book 0’s sections on evidence first, or at least the ones this book names as it goes. Then read this one in order. The exercises here are things to do with people, not sums: write the questions, run the practice interview, read your own transcript back. Do them as you go; the skill is in the doing.

1 Two kinds of question: how many, and why and how

2 Who you talk to, and what the answers can claim

3 The interview: structured, semi-structured, in-depth

4 The focus group, and choosing between it and the interview

5 Open, closed and leading questions

6 The topic guide

7 Consent, recording and privacy before you switch on the recorder

8 Running the interview without leading it

9 The interviewer is part of the data

10 Recording and transcribing

11 Who did the talking: the talk share

12 Reading a transcript, and what a code is

13 The quotation as data

14 Five pilot interviews: what they test and what you do after each

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