Listen for: S1 and early systole are clear; the murmur starts in mid-to-late systole and runs up to S2.
Usually means: Classically mitral valve prolapse, sometimes after a click; also papillary muscle dysfunction.
References2
- Bickley LS, Szilagyi PG, Hoffman RM, Soriano RP. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 13th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2021. Cardiovascular system chapter.
- Etchells E, Bell C, Robb K. Does this patient have an abnormal systolic murmur? JAMA. 1997;277(7):564-71.